Genetics and genomics of feed utilization efficiency in poultry species

Publication date: 29/06/2020
Extent: 38 pages

Contributions by: Behnam Abasht, University of Delaware, USA; Sandrine Mignon-Grasteau, INRA, France; Walter Bottje, University of Arkansas, USA; and Juniper Lake, University of Delaware, USA

Chapter synopsis: Feed utilization efficiency is a trait of high economic importance in livestock production. In poultry meat and egg production, feed accounts for over 70% of the total production costs. Consequently, improving feed utilization efficiency has been a major goal in the poultry industry. The efficient use of feed for livestock production also positively impacts environment. After a brief history of broiler breeding, this chapter summarizes the quantitative genetic properties (heritability and genetic correlation estimates) of feed efficiency and discusses some of its main contributing factors: basal metabolism, protein turnover, body composition, and digestive efficiency. Contribution of metabolic systems (liver, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle) and relevant genomic studies are also discussed. The chapter also includes a section on unfavorable meat quality consequences of improving feed efficiency and ends with discussion on future considerations.

DOI: 10.19103/AS.2020.0065.11