Using gene silencing (RNA interference) techniques to produce safe insecticidal compounds

Code: 9781835453674
Publication date: 03/04/2025
Extent: 20 pages

Contributions by: Salvatore Arpaia, ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development), Italy

Chapter synopsis:

RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural defense mechanism in organisms that detects and neutralizes foreign genetic materials, particularly viral RNA. This process involves the creation of single-stranded micro RNAs that target and inhibit complementary messenger RNA (mRNA), thus halting gene expression. The discovery that external double-stranded RNA molecules can trigger RNAi has led to significant interest in academic and industrial circles, resulting in applications like genetically modified crops and insecticidal compounds. The first RNAi-based insecticide received commercial approval in the USA in 2023. The key advantage of this biotechnology lies in its high specificity, as it targets unique sequences in the mRNA of the intended organism. However, the effectiveness of RNAi varies between species due to factors such as dsRNA degradation, cellular uptake, and genomic variations. While evidence suggests limited risks for mammals and vertebrates, comprehensive evaluations are essential to address potential non-target effects and the risk of insect resistance.



DOI: 10.19103/AS.2024.0149.07
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Table of contents
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 RNA mechanisms in insects
  • 3 Activity spectrum of RNA interference in insects
  • 4 Physiological mechanisms preventing gene silencing in insects
  • 5 Double-stranded RNA-based insecticides
  • 6 Target genes for RNA interference applications
  • 7 Biosafety issues and assessment
  • 8 Regulatory aspects
  • 9 Conclusion: advantages, limitations, and opportunities
  • 10 Where to look for further information
  • 11 References

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